Services to At-Rick Youth Programme Research Proposal

Services to At-Rick Youth Programme - Research Proposal Example Participants are ages 7 to 17 and referred to the program for four groups---running away, truancy, family conflict, or involvement in an offense.(What) (STAR Program Evaluation , Criminal Justice Policy Council, March 2003, Tony Fabelo, Executive Director). The STAR programme is conducted, keeping in mind the various influences on young minds, especially designed for the children in the age group between 7 to 17. The pre-test is administered when the child exhibits any kind of the above mentioned problems. The post-test is taken up after the completion of the programme. The time period between the pre-test and the post-test could vary between 2 months to 6 months. (When) The procedure adopted is an interview method, with both open-ended and closed-ended questions. The process of questioning will be such that the interviewee does not feel intimidated, but is egged on to share information. The idea is to ask specific area-related questions, to get exact direct answers, instead of confusing and vague ones. Surveys could also be conducted to measure the efficacy of the programme. The Likert scale is adopted to know the quantitative mapping of data.

Democratization in Russia after the collapse of Soviet Union Essay

Democratization in Russia after the collapse of Soviet Union - Essay Example Russia initiated all the four processes at once. In this case, it involves the redefinition of national identity, democratization, integration into the world economy, and market reform. This is contrary to other democratizing countries that may have undergone one or two of these transition processes, but not all at once. This essay is a critical analysis of an article Executive Deception by Steven Fish. The article has information on the type of systems appropriate for nations undergoing transition from authoritarian rule to democratic governance. It will begin with a discussion on the fall of the Soviet Union that initiated development of a new system. It also covers a brief description of the new system, its leadership ways and factors within the system that affect and promote democracy. It will then make a conclusion on the current state of Russia with Putin and Medvedev as its leaders. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a new means of constituting supreme power emerged, new sources of legitimacy to the supreme power emerged and the idea of the presidency was introduced to the Russians. This was a revolutionary idea in a nation where hereditary monarchy and ideology as a source of legitimacy, dominated for years. However, the direction of the movement was a characteristic of Russia’s system of governance where all the power is embodied in one person and personified completely. According to Fish (2001), a system where power is embodied in one person and completely personified is referred to as ‘superpresidentialism’. The move towards democratic governance and the existence of the old system led to the formation of a conflict between democratic and autocratic tendencies that are still existent in Russia to date (Brown, 2001, p, 15). The collapse of the Soviet institutions contributed to the formation of a personalized style of politics (Fish, 2001: 179–81). As a result, Boris Yeltsin became the